Sudan Civil War
Two armed institutions dressed themselves as the state. Sudan got the bill: hunger, exile, ruined hospitals and a country converted into a front line.
Metrics
33.7M — People requiring assistance in 2026
Caveat: HNRP/health-emergency planning figure; not a death toll.
Sources: WHO — Public Health Situation Analysis - Sudan Conflict and Complex Emergency
13.6M — People currently displaced
Caveat: WHO January 2026 snapshot; includes internal and cross-border displacement.
Sources: WHO — Sudan: 1000 days of war deepen the world's worst health and humanitarian crisis
21.2M+ — Acute food insecurity
Caveat: People experiencing acute food insecurity; IPC Phase 5 conditions noted in some areas.
Sources: WHO — Public Health Situation Analysis - Sudan Conflict and Complex Emergency
201 — Validated attacks on health care
Caveat: WHO SSA validated attacks between 15 Apr 2023 and 31 Dec 2025.
Sources: WHO — Public Health Situation Analysis - Sudan Conflict and Complex Emergency; WHO — Sudan: 1000 days of war deepen the world's worst health and humanitarian crisis
The state wore a uniform. Then it split in two.
Origin
The war did not arrive as weather. It came from two armed institutions that had already learned how to stand above civilian life. On 15 April 2023, the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces, former partners in the post-Bashir transition, stopped pretending the command dispute could be managed by communiqués.
Khartoum was the first fracture. Darfur, Kordofan and the aid routes became the wider map of checkpoints, flight and military control. The clean version says integration failed. The harder version says the state had already been organized around armed command.
Sources: International Crisis Group — Sudan: A Year of War; United Nations in Sudan / OHCHR — A war of atrocities: Sudan civilians deliberately targeted
Current condition
By early 2026, the numbers stopped behaving like numbers and started behaving like geography: 33.7 million people requiring assistance, 13.6 million displaced, health care hit again and again, hunger turning into terrain. It is possible to call this a humanitarian crisis. It is more honest to say the country has been made hard to live in on purpose.
El Fasher is the hard cutout in this issue. UN investigators describe a siege and takeover pattern marked by ethnically targeted killings, sexual violence, starvation and enforced disappearances. Amnesty records survivor testimony. The broader UN file is not gentle to the other side either: it attributes attacks on civilians and essential infrastructure to both SAF and RSF.
CFR describes Sudan as the world's largest internal-displacement and hunger crisis. The UN reportedly characterized the situation in El Fasher as 'terrifying' and called for an immediate ceasefire, per the UN statement.
The supplied evidence indicates UNICEF issued a Sudan flash update dated January 8, 2026, concerning the El Fasher and Kordofan crisis. The Sudan conflict has involved famine or starvation and sexual violence. El Fasher is the subject of a documented 'Siege of El Fasher' and a separate 'El Fasher massacre' entry in the supplied evidence.
At a UN Security Council briefing on 24 August 2026, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Tom Fletcher reportedly stated that more than two-thirds of Sudan's population were in desperate need of lifesaving support as of that date, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
The same briefing reportedly cited an account attributed to Rosemary DiCarlo, presented by Tom Fletcher, reporting 1,400 civilian deaths in Sudan during the first half of 2026, with more than 1,100 of those deaths attributed to drone strikes, according to the estimate cited by Tom Fletcher.
The briefing reportedly acknowledged the presence of United States Special Envoy for Africa Massad Boulos and the Secretary-General's Personal Envoy for Sudan Pekka Haavisto in connection with peace efforts for Sudan.
According to the Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition (SHCC), using data collected by Insecurity Insight, 134 incidents of violence against or obstruction of health care were reported in Sudan during 2025. SHCC reported that health facilities were damaged or destroyed 40 times during 2025, 54 health workers were killed during 2025, and 47 health workers were arrested during 2025. The report states that the documented number of attacks on health care in Sudan during 2025 is likely an undercount because of underreporting in inaccessible areas and reduced humanitarian presence.
According to the report, it examines attacks affecting health workers, health facilities, patients, and medical transport amid intensifying conflict between armed groups, including consequences for access to health care in remote and conflict-affected regions.
Save the Children reported on 21 October 2026 that at least 18 children had been killed in a wave of drone attacks and airstrikes across Sudan during the preceding week. Save the Children reported that the deaths included at least 10 children reportedly killed in drone attacks over the preceding weekend, three children reportedly killed in Khartoum on 19 October, and five children from one family reportedly killed in an airstrike in North Kordofan before 21 October, while their mother survived with injuries.
The 21 October 2026 Save the Children report also stated that a wave of drone attacks across Sudan killed civilians, including children, and caused injuries during the week ending 21 October 2026, and that the attacks were reported to be disrupting essential services, including hospitals and schools, in Sudan.
According to Amnesty International's 23 October 2026 reporting, civilians in El Fasher continued to face detention, torture, and limited access to humanitarian aid about one year after the RSF captured the city. Residents who recently escaped El Fasher told Amnesty International that schools had been converted into detention centres, movement was strictly controlled, and unlawful killings were rife. In the 23 October 2026 reporting, humanitarian organizations estimated that fewer than 70,000 people remained in El Fasher, compared with a pre-war population of more than one million. The same reporting indicated that humanitarian access in El Fasher remained limited, while humanitarian workers and other civilians were subject to constant surveillance or monitoring and faced high risks of arbitrary detention.
UN Women reported on 23 October 2026 that violence associated with El Fasher included gang rape, beatings, humiliation, robbery, and the disappearance of people who were taken away. According to reporting on 23 October 2026, about one year after El Fasher's fall, women and girls displaced from the city continued to experience trauma linked to sexual violence, disappearances, and the killing of family members. UN Women also reported that drone attacks were increasing across several Sudanese areas, including Blue Nile State, Khartoum, West Kordofan, Gedaref State, and the Khashm al-Girba area of Kassala State, with most people killed or injured being women and children.
Reports describe Jebel Marra as one of Sudan's most isolated and food-insecure regions. According to a Save the Children survey published on 2026-10-28, more than half of children assessed in Central Jebel Marra were stunted and nearly one in six were acutely malnourished; the same survey found 43% of children had been ill in the two weeks before the assessment and 69% of surveyed households relied on unsafe or untreated water.
On 2026-10-12, the UN-backed Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) reportedly issued an alert warning that the risk of famine is growing in Greater Darfur and Greater Kordofan as a severe El Niño drought compounds the effects of war, with malnutrition worsening in several hotspots. Conflict combined with the El Niño weather event, including drought, is worsening hunger and malnutrition in parts of Sudan. Reports suggest humanitarian aid in Sudan is not keeping pace with needs because of a severe lack of funding, insecurity and restricted access.
Fighting in eastern Wad Al Mahi and Roseires localities displaced about 6,800 people between 3 and 6 October 2026, according to a Sudanese American Physicians Association (SAPA) bulletin published 2 November 2026. Displaced families had been displaced twice in six weeks, and most were concentrated in and around Roseires town and Azaza, as reported 2 November 2026. A strike near the Abu Shendi displacement site on 9 October killed at least 31 people, most of them women and children, according to a SAPA bulletin published 2 November 2026. A strike on 11 October reportedly put Um Darfa hospital in Blue Nile out of service.
According to SAPA mobile clinic data reported 2 November 2026, malaria accounted for 57% of consultations during the peak transmission season, respiratory disease rose from 11% to 35%, and diarrhoeal disease rose from 1% to 8%, mostly among children under five. Among patients with a recorded status in the same data, more than 99% were internally displaced people, 63% were female, and 48% were children under 15. A non-systematic MUAC screen of 39 children aged 6–59 months found 11 (28%) with acute malnutrition; the screening was not systematic, so the figure is not a representative prevalence estimate, as reported 2 November 2026.
Sources: WHO — Public Health Situation Analysis - Sudan Conflict and Complex Emergency; United Nations in Sudan / OHCHR — A war of atrocities: Sudan civilians deliberately targeted; United Nations Office at Geneva — Hallmarks of genocide found in El Fasher
How to read responsibility
SAF offers the language of state recovery. RSF offers the language of anti-regime revolt. Neither slogan gets to walk through the door as fact. The page keeps each side's costume visible, then puts it under the harsher light of UN findings, survivor testimony and methodology notes.
Balance does not mean pretending all evidence weighs the same. In El Fasher, the available public record points heavily at RSF conduct. Across the wider war, the UN file says both parties have helped turn civilian life into military material. That is the editorial rule here: show the claim, show the counterclaim, then show what survives contact with evidence.
Sources: Rapid Support Forces — Statement on Geneva Negotiations and the Maneuvers of the Islamic Movement; Al Jazeera, citing SAF statement — Sudan's army declares Khartoum state completely free of RSF; United Nations in Sudan / OHCHR — A war of atrocities: Sudan civilians deliberately targeted; Amnesty International — El Fasher survivors tell of deliberate RSF killings and sexual violence
Claims and evidence
The other side started and prolongs the war.
Claimant: SAF and RSF, in opposing forms
Evidence status: disputed
Counterclaim: SAF frames RSF as rebellion; RSF frames SAF as old-regime and Islamist capture.
Independent assessment: Independent background sources point to a collapsed transition, command integration dispute and elite power struggle. Origin responsibility remains politically disputed, while later violations can be assessed event by event.
Sources: International Crisis Group — Sudan: A Year of War; Rapid Support Forces — Statement on Geneva Negotiations and the Maneuvers of the Islamic Movement; Al Jazeera, citing SAF statement — Sudan's army declares Khartoum state completely free of RSF
El Fasher violence was random battlefield excess.
Claimant: Implicit RSF defense and supporter minimization
Evidence status: likely
Counterclaim: UN investigators describe coordinated, identity-based targeting and public endorsement by RSF leadership.
Independent assessment: The strongest available evidence supports a planned and organized operation with serious risk indicators for genocide in El Fasher.
Sources: United Nations Office at Geneva — Hallmarks of genocide found in El Fasher; Amnesty International — El Fasher survivors tell of deliberate RSF killings and sexual violence
Civilian suffering is caused only by the opposing side.
Claimant: Both belligerent narratives
Evidence status: confirmed
Counterclaim: Human rights investigators assign unlawful civilian harm and infrastructure destruction to both parties, while patterns differ by theatre.
Independent assessment: Confirmed at broad level: both parties targeted civilians and essential infrastructure. Specific incidents still need case-by-case sourcing.
Sources: United Nations in Sudan / OHCHR — A war of atrocities: Sudan civilians deliberately targeted
Timeline
— Fighting erupts in Khartoum between SAF and RSF
Clashes broke out at multiple locations in the capital Khartoum between Sudan's national army (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), rapidly spreading to Darfur, Kordofan, and other states.
Sources: ACLED — Sudan — Armed Conflict Location & Event Data
— 2 million displaced in first six weeks — UNHCR
UNHCR reported that the conflict had displaced approximately 2 million people within Sudan and forced more than 500,000 to flee to neighboring countries within six weeks of the outbreak.
Sources: UNHCR — Sudan Emergency — UNHCR
— IPC declares famine conditions in Zamzam camp, North Darfur
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) confirmed famine in Zamzam IDP camp near El Fasher — the first famine declaration anywhere in the world since Ethiopia in 2022. An estimated 500,000 people faced catastrophic food insecurity.
Sources: UNOCHA — Sudan: Situation Report — UNOCHA; ReliefWeb / OCHA — Sudan Crisis Overview — ReliefWeb
— RSF and allies announce a parallel government in Darfur
The RSF and allied factions announced the creation of a parallel government based in Darfur, styled the Government of Peace and Unity. Human Rights Watch recorded the announcement in July 2025. Sudan's war now runs through two rival administrations.
Sources: Human Rights Watch — World Report 2026: Sudan — Human Rights Watch; Wikipedia — Sudanese civil war (2023–present) — Wikipedia (aggregated reporting)
— RSF captures El Fasher after an 18-month siege
El Fasher, the army's last major holdout in Darfur, fell to the RSF on 26 October 2025 — the end of a siege Human Rights Watch dates to May 2024. HRW documented mass killings of people fleeing the city and sexual violence in the aftermath.
Sources: Human Rights Watch — World Report 2026: Sudan — Human Rights Watch; Wikipedia — Sudanese civil war (2023–present) — Wikipedia (aggregated reporting)
— SAF-aligned government announces full return to Khartoum
The SAF-aligned government announced on 11 January 2026 that it had completed its return to Khartoum, after operating from Port Sudan since the first weeks of the war. The army had retaken the capital by March 2025; fighting has since concentrated in Kordofan and Darfur.
Sources: Wikipedia — Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2026) — Wikipedia (aggregated reporting); Wikipedia — Sudanese civil war (2023–present) — Wikipedia (aggregated reporting)
— WFP suspends operations in three districts; UN Security Council emergency session
WFP announced suspension of relief operations in three additional districts in North Darfur following direct attacks on convoys. An emergency session of the UN Security Council was convened to address deteriorating conditions in El Fasher, which the RSF captured in October 2025.
Sources: UNOCHA — Sudan: Situation Report — UNOCHA; ReliefWeb / OCHA — Sudan Crisis Overview — ReliefWeb
— RSF drone campaign intensifies against El Obeid
RSF drone strikes on El Obeid killed at least 23 people on 10 June 2026 and 16 more the next day, hitting fuel infrastructure in the army's central-Sudan hub. The Critical Threats Project assessed the campaign as preparation for a ground offensive meant to break the stalemate in central Sudan.
Sources: Wikipedia — Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2026) — Wikipedia (aggregated reporting); Critical Threats Project / AEI — Africa File, June 18, 2026 — Critical Threats Project
— UNICEF issues flash update on El Fasher and Kordofan
UNICEF issued a Sudan flash update dated January 8, 2026, concerning the El Fasher and Kordofan crisis, according to the supplied evidence.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-08)
— UN Security Council briefing on Sudan humanitarian situation
Tom Fletcher, UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, reportedly briefed the Security Council on Sudan's humanitarian situation on 24 August 2026. The briefing reportedly stated that more than two-thirds of the population were in desperate need of lifesaving support as of that date, per OCHA, and reportedly acknowledged the presence of US Special Envoy for Africa Massad Boulos and the Secretary-General's Personal Envoy for Sudan Pekka Haavisto in connection with peace efforts.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-08)
— Civilian casualty figures reported for first half of 2026
The UN Security Council briefing reportedly cited an account attributed to Rosemary DiCarlo, presented by Tom Fletcher, reporting 1,400 civilian deaths in Sudan during the first half of 2026, with more than 1,100 of those deaths attributed to drone strikes, according to the estimate cited by Tom Fletcher.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-08)
— SHCC annual 2025 statistic: 134 incidents of violence against or obstruction of health care in Sudan
Annual 2025 statistic, not a single incident date: SHCC reported 134 incidents of violence against or obstruction of health care in Sudan during 2025, including 40 health facility damages, 54 health workers killed, and 47 health workers arrested, per Insecurity Insight data. The report also noted the documented number is likely an undercount.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-08)
— Drone attacks near Amiet Market and Todach in Abyei
According to UNISFA, drone attacks occurred near Amiet Market and Todach, approximately 15 kilometers from Abyei town, on 19 October 2026.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— UNISFA reports dozens killed or injured and many missing after 19 October Abyei attacks
On 21 October 2026, UNISFA reported that the attacks killed and injured dozens of people, with the toll expected to rise as assessment and casualty evacuations continued, and that many people were still reported missing as of 21 October 2026. UNISFA characterized the attacks as involving the targeting of civilians and as a serious threat to peace and security in Abyei.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— UNISFA response after Abyei drone attacks
According to UNISFA, after the attacks it intensified day-and-night patrols in the area to protect civilians, provided emergency medical assistance, supported casualty evacuations, and extinguished most of the fires in the area.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— Save the Children reported three children killed in Khartoum drone attack
Save the Children reported that three children were reportedly killed in a drone attack in Khartoum on 19 October 2026.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— ICRC reports rising civilian harm from aerial attacks
The ICRC reported on 23 Oct 2026 a worrying increase in civilian harm from aerial attacks across Sudan in recent weeks. The ICRC reported that residential areas, markets, and sites sheltering displaced people were particularly affected; hundreds were reportedly killed.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— ICRC: most recent aerial attacks likely used armed drones
According to the ICRC's 23 Oct 2026 statement, most of the reported aerial attacks were likely carried out using armed drones.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— ICRC says it is supporting hospitals treating war-wounded in Sudan
The ICRC said it was supporting hospitals across Sudan with essential medical supplies, specialist surgical teams, and other assistance for war-wounded patients, according to its 23 Oct 2026 account.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— Reporting indicates ongoing abuses in El Fasher about one year after RSF capture
Amnesty International's 23 October 2026 reporting indicated that civilians in El Fasher continued to face detention, torture, and limited humanitarian access about one year after the RSF captured the city. Residents who recently escaped told Amnesty International that schools had been converted into detention centres, movement was strictly controlled, and unlawful killings were rife. In the 23 October 2026 reporting, humanitarian organizations estimated that fewer than 70,000 people remained in El Fasher, compared with a pre-war population of more than one million.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— Humanitarian workers under surveillance in El Fasher
According to the 23 October 2026 reporting, humanitarian access in El Fasher remained limited, while humanitarian workers and other civilians were subject to constant surveillance or monitoring and faced high risks of arbitrary detention.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— Reported trauma among women and girls displaced from El Fasher
According to reporting on 23 October 2026, about one year after El Fasher's fall, women and girls displaced from the city continued to experience trauma linked to sexual violence, disappearances, and the killing of family members.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— UN Women reports sexual violence and increasing drone attacks in Sudan
UN Women reported on 23 October 2026 that violence associated with El Fasher included gang rape, beatings, humiliation, robbery, and the disappearance of people who were taken away, and that drone attacks were increasing across several Sudanese areas, including Blue Nile State, Khartoum, West Kordofan, Gedaref State, and the Khashm al-Girba area of Kassala State, with most people killed or injured being women and children.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— UNHCR records 846,556 people from Sudan among refugees and asylum-seekers registered in Egypt
According to UNHCR figures in its document "Egypt: New Arrivals from Sudan as of 2026-10-15," 846,556 people from Sudan were among 1,084,858 refugees and asylum-seekers registered with UNHCR in Egypt as of 30 September 2026.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— Sudan Displacement and Return Snapshot updates displacement and return estimates
According to the Sudan Displacement and Return Snapshot of 19 October 2026, covering 185 localities and all 18 states, an estimated 8,585,611 internally displaced persons were recorded across all 18 states and 5,273,334 returned individuals across nine states. The snapshot also reported that 82% of returnees had moved back from internal displacement and 18% from abroad, and that approximately 56% of internally displaced persons and approximately 50% of returnees were children under 18. The IDP figure was 26% below the highest recorded displaced population and up about 1% from the previous month; returnees rose 2%.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— IFRC revised its Sudan crisis operational strategy
According to the IFRC, the revised operational strategy reflected an evolving phase of the crisis rather than a fundamental change in direction. The IFRC reported that regional humanitarian consequences remained severe as the conflict in Sudan passed three years.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— IFRC reported dynamic two-way population movements across the region
According to the IFRC, refugee arrivals continued alongside growing numbers of people returning to Sudan and other countries of origin. Humanitarian needs remained significant among refugees, returnees, people on the move and vulnerable host populations.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— Assessment reports constraints on Sudan's labour market
An assessment reports that Sudan's armed conflict erupted in April 2023 and has caused one of the world's most severe humanitarian and displacement crises. According to the assessment, destruction of economic infrastructure and productive sectors has reduced livelihood opportunities and labour demand across Sudan, and conflict, population movement, inflation, supply-chain disruptions, and fragmented governance have constrained the labour market. According to the assessment, people aged 15–35 bear a disproportionate share of labour-market pressures.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— More than 58,000 newly displaced in August, according to UNICEF
Escalating conflict in Blue Nile, Darfur and Kordofan displaced more than 58,000 people between 1 and 31 August 2026, according to UNICEF's situation report for that period.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— Nearly 5 million returns reduced overall IDP population, UNICEF reports
Nearly 5 million returns have reduced Sudan's overall internally displaced population, as reported in UNICEF's situation report covering 1–31 August 2026.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— UNICEF-supported diphtheria vaccination campaign reached 769,900 people, UNICEF reports
A UNICEF-supported diphtheria vaccination campaign in high-risk localities of Sudan reached 769,900 people during the reporting period 1–31 August 2026, according to UNICEF.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— UNICEF reports IYCF counselling for 183,264 caregivers
UNICEF provided infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counselling to 183,264 caregivers in Sudan during the reporting period 1–31 August 2026, according to UNICEF's situation report.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— UNICEF reports reaching 44,400 people with critical WASH supplies
UNICEF reached 44,400 people in Sudan with critical WASH supplies during the reporting period 1–31 August 2026, according to UNICEF.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— UNICEF calls for flexible funding for underfunded child protection programme
UNICEF states that increased flexible funding is urgently required for its Sudan response, particularly for the critically underfunded child protection programme.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-10)
— IPC reportedly warns famine risk growing in Greater Darfur and Greater Kordofan
The UN-backed Integrated Food Security Phase Classification reportedly issued an alert on 2026-10-12 warning that famine risk is growing in Greater Darfur and Greater Kordofan as a severe El Niño drought compounds the effects of war, with malnutrition worsening in several hotspots.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-11)
— Save the Children survey finds high malnutrition in Central Jebel Marra
According to Save the Children data published on 2026-10-28, more than half of children assessed in Central Jebel Marra were stunted and nearly one in six were acutely malnourished; 43% had been ill in the previous two weeks and 69% of households relied on unsafe water.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-11)
— Blue Nile displacement wave
Fighting in eastern Wad Al Mahi and Roseires localities displaced about 6,800 people over four days, according to a Sudanese American Physicians Association (SAPA) bulletin published 2 November 2026. Displaced families had been displaced twice in six weeks, and most were concentrated in and around Roseires town and Azaza, as reported 2 November 2026.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-11)
— Strike near Abu Shendi displacement site kills at least 31
A strike near the Abu Shendi displacement site killed at least 31 people, most of them women and children, according to a SAPA bulletin published 2 November 2026.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-11)
— Um Darfa hospital put out of service
A strike on 11 October 2026 reportedly put Um Darfa hospital in Blue Nile out of service.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-11)
— Clusters report sectoral cash delivery in Sudan
According to Clusters, a further US$41.1 million was delivered in sectoral cash in Sudan, reaching 1.2 million people, as reported on 2026-11-05.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-11)
— UNHCR September 2026 update: 570,481 cumulative Sudanese arrivals in Libya (month-only reference)
Month-only reference: September 2026. According to UNHCR's September 2026 situation update, an estimated 570,481 Sudanese refugees have arrived in Libya since the Sudan conflict began, up 778 from the August estimate of 569,703. UNHCR reported 77,887 refugees registered after the conflict began, bringing the total registered Sudanese in Libya to 93,581. The closure of Libya's border with Sudan and increased border monitoring have reportedly pushed refugees onto longer routes. Separately, land-border arrivals reportedly average about 70 per day, coming through Egypt, Chad and Niger.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-11)
— IOM warns Wunthou border clinic risks closure by December; 100,000 risk losing healthcare
According to IOM, the only health clinic at the Sudan–South Sudan border crossing in Wunthou risks shutting down by December 2026 without urgent financial support. IOM said an estimated 100,000 people in Wunthou risk losing access to essential healthcare (IOM, 5 November 2026). According to IOM, the clinic serves refugees, South Sudanese returnees and host communities, providing emergency treatment, maternal healthcare, vaccinations and primary healthcare. IOM stated in its 5 November 2026 release that nearly all of the 1.3 million people who have crossed from Sudan into South Sudan since the conflict began entered through Wunthou. Vijaya Souri, IOM Chief of Mission in South Sudan, warned thousands could be left without treatment if the clinic closes.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-11)
— UNHCR reports 6,676 Sudanese refugee arrivals in eastern Chad over two weeks
According to UNHCR's weekly operational report dated 31 October 2026, 6,676 Sudanese refugees arrived in eastern Chad between 16 and 31 October 2026, an average of 555 per day. Of these, according to the same UNHCR report, 4,933 entered via Tiné, 1,192 via Ouré Cassoni and 551 via Adré/Adikong. UNHCR recorded 15,481 arrivals in October 2026; as of 31 October 2026 it reported 79,486 arrivals since the start of 2026 and 983,116 (284,250 households) since April 2023.
Sources: ReliefWeb (OCHA) — ReliefWeb reports ingested by editorial pipeline (2026-11)
Open questions
- Which side is prolonging the war? The army and the RSF each blame the other.
- Was the violence in El Fasher random battlefield excess, as the RSF side implies?
- How many people are displaced inside Sudan, how many have fled abroad as refugees, and how many have returned?
Source registry
- WHO — Public Health Situation Analysis - Sudan Conflict and Complex Emergency; humanitarian; 2026-01-06
- WHO — Sudan: 1000 days of war deepen the world's worst health and humanitarian crisis; humanitarian; 2026-01-09
- United Nations in Sudan / OHCHR — A war of atrocities: Sudan civilians deliberately targeted; human_rights; 2025-09-05
- United Nations Office at Geneva — Hallmarks of genocide found in El Fasher; human_rights; 2026-02-19
- Amnesty International — El Fasher survivors tell of deliberate RSF killings and sexual violence; human_rights; 2025-11-25
- Rapid Support Forces — Statement on Geneva Negotiations and the Maneuvers of the Islamic Movement; official_position; 2025-06-22
- Rapid Support Forces — RSF affirms to Sudanese citizens in areas under its protection; official_position; 2025-01-01
- Al Jazeera, citing SAF statement — Sudan's army declares Khartoum state completely free of RSF; news; 2025-05-20
- International Crisis Group — Sudan: A Year of War; research; 2024-04-11